冷冻干燥法制备脂质体一个更为突出的应用是[17]在免疫原脂质体共轭物的制备上。我们知道脂质体作为蛋白质(如疫苗等)载体已越来越成为人们研究的重点[18],因为脂质体无毒,可生物降解且没有抗原性。为了省去每次都要制备脂质体的麻烦,可以先制备表面含有配基官能团的脂质体,然后进行冷冻干燥,在水化时免疫原蛋白迅速以共价键结合于脂质体上。这样带有配基的脂质体前体可以作为免疫原的空白载体(或溶剂),就可随时制备稳定性好、活性毫无损失的免疫原脂质体共轭物。相同原理下,在疫苗人工合成及药物靶向作用方面[19],冷冻干燥法制备脂质体前体也有着广泛的应用。国外一种称为MTP-PE(mu-ramyltripeptidephosphatidylethanolamine)冻干脂质体已经进入了Ⅱ期临床。
冷冻干燥法适用于工业生产,而且容易达到无菌要求,为脂质体在临床上的应用创造了条件。我们相信,随着科学技术的不断前进,脂质体作为一种新型制剂必将会克服其在应用上的种种不利因素,成为具有广泛发展前景及较高药用价值的制剂。
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