磺化多糖为聚阴离子，可与HIV病毒外膜蛋白上或CD4的某些敏感结构域发生相互作用，掩蔽了活性区域，从而抑制HIV对细胞的吸附或融合，使之不能进入细胞进行复制。抑制病毒原理主要基于阻断HIV-1结合细胞环节，抑制HIV感染免疫细胞，从而抑制病毒大量繁殖［2，5］。
另外，磺化多糖显示抗HIV活性还可通过以下机理［6］：1)竞争性抑制HIV病毒逆转录酶活性，但所需剂量比阻断病毒结合靶细胞要高；2)抑制逆转录病毒核糖核酸酶 H，肝素、磺化葡聚糖和木聚糖磺酸盐均显示出这种活性；3)可抑制HIV诱发的细胞融合(即合体细胞的形成)，磺化葡聚糖和戊聚糖磺酸盐显示出这种活性。目前，关于磺化多糖抑制HIV活性的机理仍在深入研究中。
3 结 语
21世纪是生命科学的世纪。AIDS对人类危害性极大，研制高效、低毒、价廉的HIV抑制剂，应是今后的发展趋势。国内研究着重在对HIV分离、表征、基因分析等方面［12］，而对抑制HIV药物的研究报道甚少［13］。国内对磺化多糖的研制已取得良好进展，但对其抑制HIV活性的研究是亟待加强和赶超的领域。进一步加强对新型磺化多糖的研制及其抑制HIV活性的研究，将对控制AIDS作出积极贡献。
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