（三)细胞因子的调节作用 细胞因子是一类主要由活化免疫细胞分泌的活性分子。它们在神经系统、内分泌系统和免疫系统之间起着重要的信使作用，因此有理由相信它们之间存在相互作用。给予治疗剂量的氢化可的松抑制IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的生成，给予生理剂量的氢化可的松只抑制TNF-α的生成；应激引起的GC水平抑制IL-1β和TNF-α的生成，不影响IL-6［13］。Nukina等（1998）也发现应激时血浆IL-6水平升高而TNF-α水平降低。还有作者发现，在免疫激发试验时有周围组织如垂体、睾丸、肝和脾IL-1水平升高，海马则不出现IL-1水平升高（Takao等．1995）。很多细胞因子有增强HPA轴活动的作用：IL-1对HPA轴有很强的兴奋作用，刺激下丘脑和垂体分别分泌CRH和ACTH（Sapolsky等．1987，Berkenbosch等．1987，Tominaga等．1991），静脉注射IL-1可刺激PVN表达CRH（Ericsson等．1997）。IL-6也可激活HPA轴（Manfied等．1998）。IL-2和IFN-α可促进杏仁核和海马释放AVP和CRH（Raber等．1997）。Chikanza等［14］发现炎症反应释放的前炎性细胞因子如IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α均有启动HPA轴活动的效应。
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